Fusariosis is a fungal infection caused by various Fusarium species, often affecting immunocompromised individuals, and can manifest as localized or disseminated infections, including skin lesions, pneumonia, and keratitis. 

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

• What it is:Fusariosis is an infection caused by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium, which are commonly found in soil, air, and plants.Â
• Who is at risk:While immunocompetent individuals can experience localized infections like onychomycosis (nail fungus) and keratitis (eye infection), disseminated (widespread) fusariosis is more common and serious in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with hematologic malignancies (blood cancers) or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant.Â
• How it spreads:Fusarium species can enter the body through traumatic inoculation (e.g., through wounds or cuts), inhalation, or contact with contaminated materials.Â
• Symptoms:
  • Localized infections: Onychomycosis, keratitis, skin infections.Â
  • Disseminated infections: Fever, skin lesions (including ecthyma-like, target, and subcutaneous nodules), pneumonia, and positive blood cultures.Â
• Diagnosis:Diagnosis can be challenging, but blood cultures, tissue biopsies, and imaging studies can help identify the infection.Â
• Treatment:Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as voriconazole or amphotericin B, and addressing the underlying immunodeficiency.Â
• Prognosis:The outcome of fusariosis depends heavily on the host’s immune status. Disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals can be life-threatening, with high mortality rates, especially in those with persistent neutropenia (low neutrophil count).Â
• Important Note:Fusarium species are known for their intrinsic resistance to many antifungal agents, making treatment difficult and emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy.Â

*NOT MEDICAL ADVICE