Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Syndrome 

Definition: 

SVC syndrome is a condition where blood flow through the superior vena cava (SVC), the large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, and upper body to the heart, is obstructed. 

Causes: 

• Cancer:Lung cancer, lymphoma, and other mediastinal tumors are the most common causes.Â
• Blood clots:Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or central venous catheter-related thrombosis can block the SVC.Â
• Other:Infections, trauma, and certain medical devices (e.g., pacemakers) can also cause SVC syndrome.Â

Symptoms: 

• Swelling of the face, neck, and upper body
• Distended veins in the neck and chest
• Shortness of breath
• Cough
• Difficulty swallowing
• Headache
• Confusion or altered mental status (in severe cases)Â