Thyroidectomy, or thyroid surgery, can cause hypoparathyroidism, a condition where the parathyroid glands don’t function properly, leading to low calcium levels. This is because the parathyroid glands, which regulate calcium levels in the body, are located near the thyroid gland and can be inadvertently injured or removed during thyroid surgery.
How thyroidectomy can cause hypoparathyroidism:
Inadvertent removal of parathyroid glands:
During surgery, the parathyroid glands can be accidentally removed, leading to a lack of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Damage to parathyroid glands or their blood supply:
Injury or disruption of the blood supply to the parathyroid glands can also lead to reduced PTH production and hypoparathyroidism.
Postoperative hypoparathyroidism:
Hypoparathyroidism can be temporary (resolving within 6 months) or permanent, depending on the severity of the injury.
Factors increasing the risk of hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy:
Total thyroidectomy:
Removal of the entire thyroid gland increases the risk, especially if done for cancer.
Lymph node dissection:
Removing lymph nodes in the neck during surgery can also damage the parathyroid glands.
Graves’ disease:
Patients with Graves’ disease may have an increased risk due to a larger thyroid gland and potentially more extensive surgery.
Extensive surgical operations:
More extensive surgery for thyroid conditions can also increase the risk.
Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism:
Hypocalcemia: Low calcium levels in the blood.
Muscle spasms or twitching: Due to low calcium levels.
Muscle weakness: Can also occur due to low calcium.
Laryngospasm: Spasms of the vocal cords, making it difficult to breathe.
Tetany: Severe muscle spasms and stiffness.