Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes painful lumps to form under the skin, often in areas where skin rubs together, like armpits and groin. These lumps can fill with pus, and as they heal, they can leave scars and sometimes develop into tunnels under the skin.
Key Features of HS:
Chronic Inflammation:
HS is a chronic condition, meaning it persists over time and can have recurring flare-ups.
Painful Nodules and Abscesses:
The condition is characterized by painful, inflamed nodules (lumps) that can develop into abscesses (pus-filled pockets).
Scarring and Sinus Tracts:
As the nodules heal, they can leave scars, and in severe cases, tunnels (sinus tracts) can form under the skin, connecting the abscesses.
Common Locations:
HS typically occurs in areas where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, under the breasts, buttocks, and inner thighs.
Not Contagious:
HS is not contagious and is not caused by poor hygiene.
Causes and Risk Factors:
Hormonal Influences: HS often appears around puberty, suggesting a role for hormones.
Family History: There’s a genetic component, as a family history of HS increases the risk.
Smoking and Obesity: Both smoking and obesity are associated with HS and can worsen its symptoms.
Autoimmune Component: HS is thought to be an autoinflammatory condition, meaning the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues.
Symptoms:
Painful, red, and swollen lumps or nodules.
Abscesses that drain pus, sometimes with an unpleasant odor.
Scarring and tunnels under the skin.
Itching and burning sensations.
Limited range of motion due to pain and inflammation.