Bronchiectasis is often caused by inflammation and infections that damage the airways, leading to scarring and widening. Repetitive infections, airway blockages, and certain medical conditions are also known to contribute to the development of bronchiectasis.
Common Causes:
Infections:
Chronic or severe lung infections, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and whooping cough, can damage the airways and predispose them to bronchiectasis.
Cystic Fibrosis:
This genetic disorder causes thick, sticky mucus to accumulate in the lungs, leading to recurrent infections and bronchiectasis.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD):
A genetic condition where the cilia (tiny hairs) that clear mucus from the lungs are not functioning properly, resulting in mucus buildup and increased risk of infection.
Airway Obstructions:
Blockages in the airways, caused by foreign objects, tumors, or excessive mucus, can lead to inflammation and damage, potentially resulting in bronchiectasis.
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders:
Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease can contribute to inflammation and airway damage.
Other Factors:
Immune deficiencies, certain cancers, and allergic lung diseases can also increase the risk of developing bronchiectasis.