Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), also known as canker sores, is a common condition characterized by the repeated development of painful, small ulcers inside the mouth. These ulcers typically heal within a few days without scarring, but can cause significant pain and discomfort, especially when eating or speaking.
Causes and Triggers:
The exact cause of RAS is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of factors, including:
Immune system dysfunction: An abnormal or overactive immune response may play a role.
Genetic predisposition: There is evidence suggesting a genetic link to the condition.
Allergies or sensitivities: Certain foods, toothpaste ingredients, or other substances may trigger outbreaks.
Nutritional deficiencies: Some studies suggest that deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals may contribute to RAS.
Other factors: Trauma, stress, and hormonal changes may also play a role.
Types of Aphthous Ulcers:
There are several types of aphthous ulcers, including:
Minor aphthous ulcers:
The most common type, these ulcers are smaller than 1 cm in diameter and usually heal within 7-14 days without scarring.
Major aphthous ulcers:
These ulcers are larger than 10 mm and deeper, and may take longer to heal, sometimes leaving scars.
Herpetiform ulcers:
These ulcers are small, deep, and may occur in clusters, potentially merging into larger lesions.