Postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is a common inflammatory condition that can develop after cardiac surgery where the pericardium (the membrane surrounding the heart) is opened or cut. It’s characterized by fever, chest pain, and the presence of fluid (effusions) in the pericardial space and/or around the lungs. While the exact cause is unknown, it’s believed to be triggered by an inflammatory response to the surgical trauma.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
Symptoms and Diagnosis:
Fever: Often intermittent and low-grade.
Pleuritic or pericarditic chest pain: Sharp, stabbing pain that worsens with breathing or movement.
Pericardial friction rub: A grating sound heard during auscultation (listening with a stethoscope).
Pericardial effusion: Fluid buildup in the pericardial sac.
Pleural effusion: Fluid buildup around the lungs.
Diagnosis: Typically made based on the clinical picture, but imaging studies like echocardiography and cardiac MRI can be used to assess effusions.
Risk Factors and Association:
Cardiac surgery: PPS is most commonly seen after procedures involving the pericardium, such as valve surgery, aortic surgery, or coronary artery bypass grafting.
Younger patients: May be more prone to developing PPS.
Females: May be at higher risk.
Blood transfusions: Can potentially increase the risk.
Lower glomerular filtration rate: May also be associated with increased risk.