Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are a group of movement disorders that can occur as side effects of certain medications, particularly antipsychotics. These symptoms affect the motor system and can include dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), akathisia (restlessness), parkinsonism (tremors, rigidity, and slow movement), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary, repetitive movements).
Key Points:
Causes:
EPS are most commonly associated with antipsychotic medications, which can block dopamine receptors in the brain.
Symptoms:
Dystonia: Involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal postures or spasms.
Akathisia: Restlessness and an inability to sit still.
Parkinsonism: Symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease, including tremors, rigidity, and slow movement.
Tardive Dyskinesia: Involuntary, repetitive movements, often involving the face and tongue.
Impact:
EPS can be severe and affect daily life, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks.